The Federal Government of Nigeria through the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS) on 4 February 2020 launched the Nigeria Visa Policy 2020 (NVP 2020). The NVP 2020 is necessary to spur the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (2017-2020) to improve Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and boost tourism without compromising national security.
INTRODUCTION
A registered design gives protection to the shape of the product e.g. lines, colours or any three-dimensional form. The idea is to prevent others from reproducing the external design of the product for industrial use. The owner of a registered design can prevent others from reproducing, importing, illicitly profiting, selling or utilising for commercial purposes by reproducing the design.
Industrial design focuses on aesthetic value and do not protect the technical or functional features of the product, it only applies to the aesthetic nature of a finished product, and it is distinct from any technical or functional aspects. Industrial design protects the aesthetic value and relevant to the fashion, textile design, jewellery industry etc. A registered design is protected for a period of 5 years from the date of the application for registration. Protection may be renewed for two further consecutive periods of 5 years. The Trademarks, Patents and Designs Registry domiciled in the Commercial Law Department of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment is saddled with the responsibility for registration of industrial design.
INTRODUCTION
Patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, a product or process providing or offering a new practical solution to a problem or dilemma. Patent application in Nigeria is regulated by the Patents and Design Act Cap P2 LFN 2004. Patent right grants the “statutory inventor” (first to file) a temporary, but exclusive right to the commercial exploitation of an invention. It gives the inventor the exclusive right to exclude others from producing, using, or selling the patented invention in that country without the patent owner’s consent or permitted by law, for the duration of 20 years subject to renewal.
The article contains the criteria for patenting an invention, process, registration and the administration responsible for granting patent application in Nigeria.
Introduction
Pursuant to Sections 11(c) and 51(c) of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act 2011, the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRC) is vested with the powers to ensure good corporate governance practices in the public and private sectors of the Nigerian economy by issuing the code of corporate governance and guidelines, and developing a mechanism for periodic assessment of the code and guidelines. The Financial Reporting Council in the exercise of these powers recently issued the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance (The Code). The Code was unveiled by the Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Honourable Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment on the 15th of January 2019.
Background to the Code
The FRC in 2016 released draft codes of corporate governance pertaining to private companies, public companies and not-for- profit organizations. The codes were criticized as being in contradiction with existing corporate legislations largely the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2004 and the codes of corporate governance applicable to different sectors of the economy. Following the controversies that trailed the codes especially as it relates to religious institutions, they were suspended by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment.
Introduction
One of the biggest challenges to the recovery of ‘ill-gotten gains’ in many countries including Nigeria has been establishing the nexus between suspicious assets, and a specific offence. The requirement to establish this link is a pre-requisite to the lawful confiscation of assets in many common-law jurisdictions (which includes Nigeria). The prosecutions usually await a finding of guilt on a particular criminal offence, and then seek a forfeiture order with respect to property derived from or used in the commission of that criminal offence[1].
Recently, the Supreme Court of Nigeria in the case of Dauda v Federal Republic of Nigeria (2018) 10 NWLR (Pt.1626) 169 had the opportunity to decide on the issue of burden of proof with respect to unexplained wealth. This article seeks to examine the issues in the decision, particularly in relation to burden of proof and the effect of the decision on the Nigerian criminal law jurisprudence.